Natl. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8  according to Smith (1995) 132,000 in England, Wales, and Ireland alone. "That the disease by this name will not take long to arrive at the city, if it is not already there, is something that cannot be doubted; it is natural that the acute pandemic that has attacked the border states causes alarm among us. Gagnon et al. OUR DATA: We use the most recent data from these primary sources: WHO, World Bank, UNESCO, CIA and individual country databases for global health and causes of death. Today the sharing of data, research, and news is certainly not perfect, but very different and much more open than in the past. One reason why this pandemic was so devastating was that young people accounted for a large share of the population. It was patchy. And not just health systems were different, but also the health and living conditions of the global population. As with Spanish flu, no-one was exempt from the virus: the Prime Minister of the UK Boris Johnson was hospitalised with Covid-19 in April 2020 and the President of the United States of America, President Trump, suffered similarly in October. Virol. (2009) published an estimate of 2–4 million.14, According to a WHO publication the “Hong Kong Flu” (1968-1969) killed between 1 and 4 million people.15, Michaelis et al. 10.1086/591708. Gilbert, Marius, Giulia Pullano, Francesco Pinotti, Eugenio Valdano, Chiara Poletto, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Eric D’Ortenzio, et al. The “Spanish Flu” pandemic that was developing at an alarming pace in northeast Mexico has begun to decrease, according to reports obtained from authorized sources. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 65(1), p.4. (2020) – “Preparedness and Vulnerability of African Countries against Importations of COVID-19: A Modelling Study.” The Lancet (February 20, 2020). 8 55–73. doi: 10.3201/eid2203.150977 PMCID: PMC4766886 PMID: 26886846 Online here. Period life expectancy is a measure of the population’s health in one year. When comparing COVID-19 with the Spanish flu, there are a number of important differences that should be considered: They are not the same disease and the virus causing these diseases are very different. Margaret Pitt, then a pupil at Milton Mount College in Gravesend, recalled being offered something milder to drink: “The school was warned [of] the coming epidemic, so they tried to get us all home early before the Easter holidays. Acad. Online here. Further below I will briefly discuss similarities and differences with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019/20. Laredo’s Customs Office Opens BMC Infect Dis 19, 117 (2019). *Traffic between Monterrey and Torreón suspended History of 1918 Flu Pandemic. *Infested ships will only be allowed in Veracruz, where they will be put on strict quarantine. (2002) – Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 “Spanish” influenza pandemic. Online here. Mortality was high in people younger than 5 years old, … 198 962–970. "Fortunately, the government is already in charge of ordering the measures it considers efficient to limit the blow, whose effects we hope not to be as important as some assert. To have a context for the severity of influenza pandemics it might be helpful to know the death count of a typical flu season. It shows that life expectancy increased at all ages, which means that the often-heard assertion that life expectancy ‘only’ increased because child mortality declined is not true. U.S.A. 102 11059–11063. The 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in its historical context. 70% of the population is infected by the terrible disease and the first death has been of the local congressman Enrique Dávila. Have you heard there are over 10,000 dengue cases registered in Mexico? For this reason the Spanish flu has been cited as a warning and as a motivation to prepare well for large pandemic outbreaks, which have been considered likely by many researchers.23. Temples, schools, theaters, and other places were people can gather have been closed. Online here. If we look at mortality for both lower respiratory infections (pneumonia) and upper respiratory infections today, death rates are highest for those who are 70 years and older. Sci. Online here. Thinking there may be … All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. The news we have about the affectations the “Spanish Flu” is causing, both abroad and in our country, will surely make our people to be prepared for the terrible blow, supporting the actions of the Department. Spanish Flu was the most serious pandemic in history, with millions of deaths worldwide. Online here. Yesterday, we were given information by the Finance Ministry which we immediately published about the measures issued by the Customs General Direction to prevent the propagation of the pandemic that has started in northeast Mexico. & Cinatl, J. The chief of the Health Department proposed to the President of the Republic to adopt the following measures that were approved: Dr. Ballina’s Opinion Spanish Flu: Death Rates By Country. Writing in early March 2020 it is an obvious question to ask how the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 compares. The sickness had a strong presence in the north of the country and the government implemented drastic measures, such as closing the borders and hosing the streets with creolin – a strong disinfectant – to avoid its propagation. Hosing the streets David Arnold (2019) estimates … Pandemic influenza preparedness and response – WHO guidance document. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5 Online here. Epidemiological evidence of an early wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City. - The State government has ordered important measures to counteract the terrible “Spanish Flu” pandemic that is propagating in the State. The Finance Ministry said the following about the decision taken yesterday by the Customs General Direction: “Regarding the reports received from the Nuevo Laredo Border Customs Office Administrator in Tamaulipas, this Ministry has decided to reopen to the public the mentioned office.”, Health care in Mexico: disinformation, new tariffs, and contradictions. Online here. The red line shows the life expectancy for a newborn, with the rainbow-colored lines above showing how long a person could expect to live once they had reached that given, older, age. Published in 2009 by the WHO. Why were older people so resilient to the 1918 pandemic? Health measures But it is false to attribute a specific number of deaths to each wave. This is how EL UNIVERSAL covered the presence of the Spanish Flu in Mexico: On Guard Against the Spanish FluOctober 101, 1918, *The Health Department adopts energetic measures to prevent the pandemic from expanding page dedicated to the research and data on the Coronavirus outbreak, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30411-6. Did you know the coronavirus discovered in China should not be the SARS of 2020? However, it must be acknowledged that even this vast figure may be substantially lower than the real toll, perhaps as much as 100 percent understated.”. In the last 150 years the world has seen an unprecedented improvement in health. Period life expectancy, which is the precise name for this measure, only looks at the mortality pattern in one particular year and then captures this snapshot of population health as the average age of death of a hypothetical cohort of people for which that year’s mortality pattern would remain constant throughout their entire lifetimes. From the paper: “Further research has seen the consistent upward revision of the estimated global mortality of the pandemic, which a 1920s calculation put in the vicinity of 21.5 million. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). Published in 2009 by the WHO. 8 55–73. Additionally the populations in many parts of the world were weakened by a global war. ], This influenza outbreak wasn’t restricted to Spain and it didn’t even originate there (recent research by Olson et al. Experts agree the Spanish flu occurred in multiple waves and that the second wave was significantly more deadly than the others. Estimates as to how many infected people died vary greatly, but the flu is regardless considered to be one of the deadliest pandemicsin history. Mr. José M. de la Garza, Municipal President of Mexico is seriously worried about the invasion of the Spanish Flu pandemic threatening Mexico City. The black death, at least to begin with. Morens et al (2008) found that during the Spanish flu “the majority of deaths … likely resulted directly from secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory–tract bacteria.”21. In Sweden, the pandemic has caused around 3,700 deaths since the first reported fatality in March, but has not been as deadly as some seasonal flu … Help us do this work by making a donation. What becomes clear from this overview are two things: influenza pandemics are not rare, but the Spanish flu of 1918 was by far the most devastating influenza pandemic in recorded history. The appearance of the “Spanish Flu” in our country has acquired alarming characteristics for it is present in several places as a strong pandemic. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. During the Spanish flu from 1918 to 1919 around 50 million people were estimated to have died. The pandemic at Havanna – Measures Against Infested Ships The calculation is (17,400,000/1,832,196,157)*100=0.95. The 1918 H1N1 flu virus caused the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century. Dr. José María Rodríguez, president of the High Council of Health told us yesterday that he has been receiving telegrams from Monterrey, Zacatecas, and Nuevo Laredo that report the “Spanish Flu” pandemic continues weakening for there are very few new cases. and Pyle, G.F. (1991) – The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic. * Medications will be brought from the United States. The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States. It is said that we are already 800,000 inhabitants of which 20% is in conditions to fight the disease due to health conditions needed to fight any pandemic; therefore, there would be a big percentage that would be easy prey for the disease. The virus spread rapidly and eventually reached all parts of the world: the epidemic became a pandemic.2, Even in a much less-connected world the virus eventually reached extremely remote places such as the Alaskan wilderness and Samoa in the middle of the Pacific islands.3. Gatherer (2009)13 published the estimate of 1.5 million, while Michaelis et al. Hist. Online here. The development of the flu in the capitalTuesday, October 15, 1918. Paget et al (2019) suggest an average of 389,000 with an uncertainty range 294,000 from 518,000.4. 10 Misconceptions About the 1918 ‘Spanish Flu’ In the pandemic of 1918, between 50 and 100 million people are thought to have died, … The virus that causes COVID-19 is a coronavirus, not an influenza virus that caused the Spanish flu and the other influenza pandemics listed above. An early estimate from 1927 put global mortality at 21.6 million. Nickol, M.E., Kindrachuk, J. The reason for this is that precise annual counts of the world population are not available for the past. Subsequent outbreaks gradually became less catastrophic. Med. As we’ve seen above, the Spanish flu in 1918 was especially dangerous to infants and younger people. And if it was in fact higher – 100 million as these authors suggest – then the global death rate would have been 5.4%.10, The world population was growing by around 13 million every year in this period which suggests that the period of the Spanish flu was likely the last time in history when the world population was declining.11, The Spanish flu pandemic was the largest, but not the only large recent influenza pandemic. Feb 17;41(2):145-151. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003. and Mueller, J. (1995) – The Russian influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894. Dis. But it was named as such because Spain was neutral in the First World War (1914-18), which meant it was free to report on the severity of the pandemic, while countries that were fighting tried to suppress reports on how the influenza impacted their population to maintain morale and not appear weakened in the eyes of the enemies. In the same cablegram, he said there is evidence of the presence of cholera on the island. Proc. How do these estimates compare with the size of the world population at the time? After the director of the hospital knew about the situation, he ordered to have a pavilion ready for their arrival that will be exclusively destined for those affected with the mentioned disease and in which, as usual, there will be perfect antisepsis. SALTILLO, Coah., October 9. The Spanish flu infected around 500 million people, about one-third of the world's population. deaths per 100,000 persons in each age group, United States, for the interpandemic years 1911–1917 (dashed line) and the pandemic year 1918 (solid line)[29] The disease killed in every corner of the globe. Based on this, the low estimate of 17.4 million deaths by Spreeuwenberg et al. In other words, if we had precise annual counts they would likely show a decline of the world population in 1918. In this regard, the President of the High Council of Health, the doctor and General José María Rodríguez directed a letter to the manager of the Spanish Transatlantic Company, letting him know that the “Alfonso XII” ship will only be accepted in the port of Veracruz where it will be put in quarantine since the rest of the ports in the Gulf do not have the necessary conditions” (…). Roman Duda (2016) – Problem profile: Biorisk reduction. Español. Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door. Spanish Flu Victims (1918-1920) by Bellamy8897 | created - 19 Feb 2016 | updated - 9 months ago | Public People associated with the arts (film, theater, literature, etc.) The Spanish flu hit the world in the days before antibiotics were invented; and many deaths, perhaps most, were not caused by the influenza virus itself, but by secondary bacterial infections. With the objective of providing our readers with relevant statements about the “Spanish Flu” pandemic, here are the statements made by Dr. Francisco Ballina, director of the Spanish Hospital: “First. Online here. (2009) published a lower estimate of 1–2 million.16, The Russian Flu pandemic of 1977-78 was caused by the same H1N1 virus that caused the Spanish flu. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. To better understand this deadly virus, an expert group of researchers and virus hunters set out to search for the lost 1918 virus, sequence its genome, recreate the virus in a highly safe and regulated laboratory setting at CDC, and ultimately study its secrets to better prepare for future pandemics. Cleaning latrines is essential and can be easily done.". The ‘Spanish Flu’ pandemic is only present in Mexico with the characteristics of a disease previously known as the common cold and it does not have, as it has been said, alarming symptoms that could cause a true pandemic that could cause numerous victims in the Republic. John Paget, Peter Spreeuwenberg, Vivek Charu Robert J Taylor, A Danielle Iuliano, Joseph Bresee, Lone Simonsen, Cecile Viboud,3 and for the Global Seasonal Influenza-associated Mortality Collaborator Network and GLaMOR Collaborating Teams (2019) – Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: New burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project. Several research teams have worked on the difficult problem of reconstructing the global health impact of the pandemic. In available historical reconstructions (like this one) this decline is not shown. 8 55–73. Morens D. M., Taubenberger J. K., Fauci A. S. (2008) – Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. With respect to the impact of the Spanish flu it is striking that the visualization shows that the pandemic had very little impact on older people. Med Microbiol Immunol 198, 175–183 (2009). The Russian flu pandemic was a devastating event in itself. See for example: Pandemic influenza preparedness and response – WHO guidance document. Traffic between Monterrey and Torreón suspended De no existir previa autorización, queda expresamente prohibida la Publicación, retransmisión, edición y cualquier otro uso de los contenidos, Fernanda Ramírez, Jessica Soto & Fernando Palacios, The pandemic at Havanna – Measures Against Infested Ships, the coronavirus discovered in China should not be the SARS of 2020, El juego de las vacunas y las grillas del gabinete, Los muertes Covid en casa y la hambruna de oxígeno…, "Si no te mata el virus, lo hace el hambre", Ordena gobierno priorizar la producción de oxígeno, Por alta demanda, costo de tanques de oxígeno hasta se triplica, México registra 21 mil 7 contagios en un día: Salud, Las 5 mejores series, poco conocidas, que puedes ver en streaming, Ivanka Trump se muda de Washington a millonario apartamento de Miami, Bernie Sanders reacciona a memes y lanza sudadera con famosa imagen, Video capta a sicarios de empresario y su escolta, desataron balacera en colonia Nápoles, Nuevas restricciones por semáforo rojo en SLP, Elecciones en Querétaro podrían posponerse para septiembre, Muestran a pacientes con tanques de oxígeno en sala de espera, To print a sheet of paper that will be distributed throughout all the Republic which will contain. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy191. Patients die from asphyxiation. Current estimates for the annual number of deaths from influenza are around 400,000 deaths per year. Instead historians try to reconstruct the population figures for 5-year or 10-year intervals and the annual estimates are interpolations between these estimates. One of the deadliest pandemics in human history was the one that took place in 1918 when the “Spanish Flu” spread and had a toll of 50 million deaths all over the world. Overall, the Spanish flu was present in England from June 1918 to April 1920 in three different waves, meaning it was in the country for just under two years. “As a prevention measure and to stop the so-called “Spanish Flu” from propagating to other places in the country, the Ministry has ordered the closure of the Laredo Border Customs Office in Tamaulipas while the risk of infection prevails; once it disappears and the conditions of the place are positive, the reopening of the traffic will be opened in the mentioned office.”. Michaelis, M., Doerr, H.W. It is highly probable a similar measure will be taken in the Coahuila and Pacific railways because the city of Saltillo wants to be isolated since it has not been invaded by the pandemic yet. As a matter of fact, we had access to a message dated in Monterrey in which the governor Nicéforo Zambrano asserts that due to the measures implemented by his government, the epic has disappeared, according to opinions of local doctors. Although the actual origin of the disease was France and then it spread to Spain, it was the Iberic country that informed about the consequences of the pandemic that disseminated due to the mobilization of troops in WWI. The research literature suggests that this was the case because older people had lived through an earlier flu outbreak – the already discussed ‘Russian flu pandemic’ of 1889–90 – which gave those who lived through it some immunity for the later outbreak of the Spanish flu.18, The earlier 1889-90 pandemic might have given the older population some immunity, but was a destructive event in itself. Smith F. B. Related Pages. The light green line, for example, represents the life expectancy for children who had reached age 10. Meanwhile, in San Pedro, Coahuila, the disease has continued growing and there are days in which the victims ascend to 100. Have you heard Mexico's HIV epidemic needs to stop? An estimate from 1991 states that the virus killed between 25 and 39 million people. Online here. J. Infect. In 1918 it was railroads and steamships that connected the world. The Spanish Flu pandemicFriday, January 11, 1918. 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