I identified and developed important outlines, validated and designed the arguments, conceived both theoretical and empirical data and editions of the final manuscript. MOFED. However, due to the commitment of heads of states in Maputo in 2003 to allocate 10% of their budget to agriculture and a recovery of attention to agriculture, Ethiopia is one of the eight countries to meet the target allocating 15% of the budget over the decade of 2003/2004–2012/2013 [1]. 8062-ET, Washington, DC; 1990. It has also enjoyed a considerable attention by the government. In the economic sphere, markets were the driving forces in resource allocation. It has been stagnant due to poor performance as a result of factors such as low resource utilization; low-tech farming techniques (e.g. When many African countries have shown limited commitment to supporting smallholder agriculture and when many neglected agricultural extension services in particular, the government of Ethiopia invested in both. Despite the fact that many areas of the economy have made progress, the livelihoods of small-scale farmers are still constrained by many impeding factors. The country has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, and substantial progress has also been made in social and human development over the last decade. Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System, National Agricultural Extension Intervention Program. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate For millions of poor people in East and Southern Africa, bamboo has huge potential to alleviate poverty, protect the environment and help achieve the SDGs. In: Eicher C, Staaz JM, editors. During the period 1950–1974, the political arena was characterized by absolute monarchism. Frameworks, strategies, and plans for agricultural development 3. Report No. Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, vol. INRA Department of Economics; 2003. p. 29–50. Department of Agricultural Extension; 2000. The current government plan to meet that objective is to attract foreign investors to develop lands. Agricultural development is both needed by, and important for, Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security In 2010, for example, 2.8 million Ethiopians were in need of emergency food aid. What were the rural development models implemented so far in the country? The country loses about 2 billion tons of fertile soils annually to land degradation, and the siltation of water bodies is already a major threat to irrigation development. Ethiopia: Alemaya University; 1998. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. Spielman DJ, Kelemwork D, Alemu D. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in Ethiopia. Around 85 per cent of the country’s 105 million inhabitants live in rural areas, and inclusive agricultural growth is a major driver of poverty reduction. Google Scholar. Dev Policy Rev. The salient constraints include: small and diminishing farm lands due to large family sizes and rapid population growth; soil infertility with decreasing yield-per-hectare ratios; on-field and post-harvest crop pests; unpredictable patterns of rain; input scarcity and outdated technologies leading to low outputs; shortage of capital; reduced market access; lack of market information; outbreaks of animal diseases and shortages of animal feed; and declining price structures [6]. The post-1991 period is also marked with the most prominent and enduring economy-wide strategies as Agricultural-Led Industrialization (ADLI), the Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP), Participatory and Accelerated Sustainable Development to Eradicate poverty (PASDEP) and successive growth and transformation plans (GTP I and II). It has also enjoyed increasing government support over years, though not to be in the level expected. J Soc Dev Africa. Ruttan VW, Hayami Y. The ranges in climate variability by season and over time framed a sophisticated set of crops, agricultural practices, and local political ecologies. The First Five-Year Development Plan placed emphasis on raising foreign exchange earnings by improving coffee cultivation, accounting for over 70% of foreign exchange earnings. The data sets used will be available from the author up on request. Therefore, it is high time to explore possibilities for identifying approaches that could complement existing strategies of growth [5]. Ethiopia is among the few African countries that have consistently met both the African Union’s Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) targets of 10% increase in public investment in agriculture by the year 2008 and boosting agricultural production growth … Review of the evolution of the Ethiopian rural development policy under different political systems reveals the significance of prevailing policies and development strategies on the contribution to agricultural development [7]. It constitutes over 50% of the gross domestic product (GDP), accounts for over 85% of the labour force and earns over 90% of the foreign exchange [2]. Lemma T, Beyene F. Assessment of effectiveness of extension program in Haraghe highlands: the case of maize extension package a research project. Water is a vital ingredient for growing many crops around the globe, but while the world has enough water, it’s often not in the right places, at the right time. He/she can not sell it or lease it legally. Food insecurity is a major challenge: 35% of children are moderately underweight and 14% are severely underweight; 51% of children suffer from moderate stunting and 28% suffer from severe stunting. 2003;18(1):49–83. Privacy Debele B. Ethiopian economy in the 1980s and framework for accelerated growth. The sector is dominated by small-scale farmers who practice rain-fed mixed farming by employing traditional technology, adopting a low-input and low-output production system. In Ethiopia, IFAD supports rural people in raising their incomes and improving food security, as well as increasing their contribution to the country’s economic development. According to Roling [4], rural development policies and programmes are usually developed to suit the condition of progressive farmers. [5] Alemaya Agricultural University; 1986. According to Dejene Aredo [5], agriculture was also discriminated against by sectoral policies. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Policy makers and donor agencies have so far been emphasized the use of modem farm technologies as a sole source of agricultural growth in Ethiopia. The importance of this point in poor countries such as Ethiopia is obvious. Ethiopia is also facing a youth bulge. Industrial Policy in Ethiopia: An Introduction2 More than fifteen years into a period of sustained and rapid economic growth, Ethiopia has continued to attract international attention for its achievements and for pursuing a home-grown development strategy, with an active industrial policy at its center.3 Some have been sceptical Constable M, Belshaw D. A summary of major findings and recommendations from the Ethiopian highlands reclamation study. Similarly, the Second Five-Year Development plan added to its priorities the establishment of large-scale commercial farms and neglected cereal production from subsistence farmers which accounted more than 80% of the cultivated area in the 1950s and 1960s. The Political Economy of Agricultural Extension Policy in Ethiopia: Economic Growth and Political Control Kassahun Berhanu Respectively, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Addis Ababa University; and Reader, Centre for Development, Environment and Policy, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Kassa B. Accepted 31 May, 2013 This paper assesses the recent policy reforms. Compared to other sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia has an admirable record of supporting agriculture; the continued state-led policies to boost agricultural production, but understanding of the complex issues involved, evidence-based analysis and policy recommendations, and continuous debate on the pros and cons of alternatives options are required. PubMed Google Scholar. Browse the Member States interactive platform. The government extension programme lists these as: areas of adequate rainfall; areas of moisture stress; and pastoral areas. The programme packages of rural development policy of the country were reviewed over the past three regimes. Agricultural Production System in Ethiopia Agricultural production is dominated by smallholder households which produce more than 90% of agricultural output and cultivate more than 90% of the total cropped land. Aredo D. The Ethiopian economy: structure problems and policy issues: the relevance of the improvement approach to agricultural growth in Ethiopia; 2002. In: Tesfaye T, editor. The main objective of this review is to indicate the policy gaps in terms of access, utilization and coverage of rural development policy programme packages by different segments of people in rural areas. Cite this article. Around 85 per cent of Ethiopia’s inhabitants live in rural areas. Agriculture Policy will act as a guiding principle to all players as we move together in achieving the MGDS and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the short, medium and long term. Agricultural development in the rural areas of Ethiopia can facilitate greater national food security and allow for an increase in agricultural exports. wooden plough by oxen and sickles); over-reliance on fertilizers and underutilized techniques for soil and water conservation; inappropriate agrarian policy; inappropriate land tenure policy; ecological degradation of potential arable lands; and increases in the unemployment rate due to increases in the population [12]. The extent to which farmers adopt available innovations and the speed by which they do so determine the impact of innovations in terms of productivity growth. agricultural extension service delivery in Ethiopia has its impact on the development of country. In what follows, we will review only those models which are more relevant to the conditions of Ethiopian agriculture. Farmers traditionally classify them as dega (cool), woina dega (temperate) and qolla (low land; warm climate). Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Ethiopia’s Agricultural Development Policy Challenges 1.Introduction 1.1 Background This case study paper has been prepared to provide a contextual understanding of the policy challenges faced in promoting growth in the Ethiopian agricultural sector, with particular emphasis on the post-1991 period following government change. Agricultural development-led industrialization strategy in Ethiopia: An overview Akhilesh Chandra Prabhakar* and Yinges Alemu Department of Economics, FBE, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 271, Gondar, Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0208-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0208-y. Whole national economy 2.6 per cent annually and qolla ( low land ; warm climate ) s economy the. Adopters and laggards policy of Ethiopia ’ s inhabitants live in rural areas, many young people extension. 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