It is incredible but yes some genius teenager girls have … Slum & Rural Innovation Project, is a Storytelling and Technology Education platform in India, dedicated to ignite the curiosity, problem solving capabilities and innovative spirit of kids, youth and women in lower income groups of urban slums and rural communities. Bhoyar knew the way and soon found what she was looking for: the home of an elderly couple who’d just tested positive and were being treated in hospital. Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. That was due in part to opposition from residents, who pointed out that even if renovations brought better housing, their jobs might be relocated to distant industrial parks. Managers had cleared out some upstairs storage space to allow more distance between each employee, and all of them were wearing disposable smocks, masks, and plastic face shields, purchased at the company’s expense. India's Dharavi, the continent's most crowded slum, has gone from coronavirus hotspot to potential success story. Those who tested positive were sent to hospital wards that had been dedicated entirely to treating Covid-19, while contact tracers raced to locate people they’d spent time with. The consensus was pessimistic. In order for a housing u… She and her three young daughters now depend entirely on her husband, who lost his job as a welder during the lockdown and is making just 100 rupees ($1.37) a day loading trucks. Situated between Mumbai’s two main suburb lines – the Western and Central Railways, Dharavi stands as one of India’s largest slums. ▲ Kiran Dighavkar at an isolation center. The Dharavi Redevelopment Project was approved by the state government in the year 2018. But as the rain started to pick up again, Bhoyar said she was convinced that, in Dharavi, it would be enough to keep the virus at bay. Lack of cleanliness; Solutions to social Problems of Slums in India : Central government should take some fruitful checking policy in case of implementation of their policies. The front line of Dighavkar’s plan will be made up of women. Mumbai (AsiaNews) - Dharavi slum, the largest in Asia, is a true success story in India's fight against coronavirus. I went on this 3-hr Mumbai Dharavi slum walking tour which I booked through Klook. The challenge in Dharavi is to reclaim this vitality safely. In the slum people have to live with many problems. Adequate policy responses are then suggested. “Once the factories start again, maybe we’ll get more cases,” he said in his office. The country has recorded more than 6.5 million confirmed cases—putting it on track to soon overtake the U.S.—and over 103,000 deaths. But the man, who said he worked as a sales manager at an insurance company, making him prosperous by local standards, was reluctant. The example of mega-project like the slum redevelopment project in Dharavi (DPR) will be mentioned later. As the Indian Government, we promise to fix these problems by: Replacing corroded pipes Making a closed sewer system Fixing faulty, useless and illegal water pipe connections Installing water pipes throughout the rest of Dharavi Banning waste incineration And increasing laws around industry “We are fed up with this virus,” Ilaiyaraaja said in her tiny tenement apartment, two of her daughters sitting shyly by her side, “and with waiting for this nightmare to be over.”. Its maze of tarpaulin tents and illegally built tenements and workshops have traditionally served as a commercial engine for all of Mumbai, a frenetic crossroads of exchange and entrepreneurship at the heart of India’s financial capital. To get there, you must first turn off one of the slum’s raucous commercial drags and into a lane of decrepit buildings covered in tarps and corrugated steel sheets, which opens after a little while into something of a public square. Dharavi Redevelopment Project is one of the projects in India that is approved for the development of Dharavi, which is a slum area near to Mumbai. That left the kittens plenty of space to gambol across the bare floor, nap on a comfortable cardboard box, or be amused by the neighborhood kids who came to visit. Dharavi's first COVID-19 case was reported on April 1, about 20 Debate Essay Rubric For Middle School days after the first such patient was found in Mumbai. There are 650 families or 3,300 people living in every hectare of that area. Dharavi slum This resource supports the teaching of the Extreme global impacts unit and focuses on the problems of living in the Dharavi slums and the possible solutions that exist. Fabric wholesalers had rolled up their steel shutters, while corner stores were again places for groups of local women to meet and chat. Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a … Qureshi’s own family is a case in point. A young man stepped forward as the group’s unofficial spokesperson, and after some back and forth, Khan learned that none of them had even been tested for the virus. Students complete a problems categorising task and are guided through how to answer a 'to what extent...' question. Dharavi is a unique case. The protection raises costs, “but it’s required for the safety of everyone,” said floor manager Vijayanti Kewlani, who’d donned the same gear. But he was more impressed with the 10% raise he’d received for coming back to work. Bhoyar soon gathered up her entourage of assistants to move on. “Dharavi is a hub of activity, and we cannot let it go.”, Watch: How India’s Biggest Slum Contained Covid. “We have to make sure safety measures are taken.” His most urgent priority was to get as much protective gear to workers as possible. The neighbor’s family wouldn’t have to quarantine, she said, but would be visited again to see if anyone had developed symptoms. The tent housed a 192-bed field hospital for Covid-19 cases and had been carefully designed to triage incoming patients without letting them spread the virus. ▲ Dr. Asad Khan (center) and Dighavkar at a field hospital. The slum spread over 535 acres has over one lakh huts with a population of 15 to 16 lakh. Meanwhile, Mumbai’s government had begun floating ideas for a redevelopment, one that would replace lopsided squatters’ homes with modern apartments and move factories and workshops into purpose-built quarters, probably elsewhere in the metropolis. The existence of slums worldwide is also a sign that the slum is a crucial element of contemporary urbanisation. The Dharavi Slums Asia's largest slum, Dharavi, lies in the heart of India's financial capital, Mumbai (Bombay). Only about two-thirds of the slum’s people are formal residents; the rest are rural migrants who traditionally slept on factory floors or shared rented rooms, returning to their hometowns a few times a year. Their success or failure will be an important example for similar places around the world—areas that are home to as much as a sixth of the global population and which no government hoping for a durable recovery from the virus can afford to ignore. Before the pandemic, it generated more than $1 billion a year in activity, providing a base for industries from pottery and leather-tanning to recycling and the garment trade. The Slum redevelopment in Dharavi called the Dharavi Redevelopment Plan (DRP), is a public – private partnership project developed by private developers (Arputham & Patel 2010). Qureshi, a stout, thick-fingered man of 43 whose father founded the operation, mostly ignored his feline workplace companions. A $2 billion development project aims to rehouse slum dwellers in high-rise apartment blocks built next to the slum This is controversial as it will break the sense of community to the settlement Improvement schemes: Bottom-up approaches Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia's largest slums. Dighavkar, who is 37 and a civil engineer by training, came to Dharavi with modest ambitions. The Dharavi slum was founded in 1884 during the British colonial era, and grew because the expulsion of factories and residents from the peninsular city centre by the colonial government and from t Many people in Dharavi work in unlicensed businesses that are in perpetual danger of being closed, and have good reasons to avoid contact with the authorities. Dharavi’s modern history dates to the late 19th century, when Muslim tanners, looking for a place to practice their odoriferous trade outside the limits of British-run Bombay, built a rudimentary settlement nearby. Despite its absent workers and stepped-up protective measures, Dharavi could still provide an extremely hospitable environment for the virus—particularly if a rush of returning migrants reintroduces it at large scale. Just beyond is a bright workshop, where during a recent visit eight artisans sat cross-legged at workstations spaced about two feet apart—considerably less jammed-in than they would have been before this year. The only solution, Dighavkar says, is “screening, screening, screening,” an unrelenting effort to track down infected people and isolate them from the community. “Precaution will be our key focus going forward,” she said—“social distancing, awareness related to hygiene, fever screening, and sanitization.” Even with the massive slum slowly coming back to life, Bhoyar added, “I’m not really scared.”. Five workers were there 12 hours a day, seven days a week, dumping crushed water bottles, … Everyday the potters brick kilns send huge black clouds into the air which pollutes the air and makes the cloud black and Sion hospital complains about the heavy black smoke that's making their patients case worse. Mumbai, as a world city, is challenged to meet the housing deficit for expanding population even they paid efforts on various policies (Bardhan et al., 2015). Maintaining physical distancing is a great task as … Now its people need to survive an economic catastrophe. She ordered everyone’s hands marked with indelible ink—also used in India to prevent people from voting twice in elections—to ensure they’d be brought to quarantine. With an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents- leather, textiles and pottery products are among the goods made inside Dharavi. Dharavi is made up of 12 different neighborhoods and there are no maps or road signs. The municipal government had been distributing masks, gloves, face shields, and sanitizer to factories for free, turning a blind eye to illegal operations in the hope that owners would accept help. Last year he was named assistant municipal commissioner for G Ward North, a swath of Mumbai that includes the slum. This article will attempt to define this phenomenon and understand its causes. It also offered to cover the cost of transportation back to the city and is looking into securing more spacious housing—maybe even with the luxury of an attached toilet—for staff who return. Next to the open sewers are water pipes, which can crack and take in sewage. Authorities stress that … Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a day of diphtheria and typhoid. His father was born in the hinterland to a poor tenant farmer but moved to Dharavi to work in a textile factory, getting into the recycling business after he realized the value of the plastic packaging that new spools of thread arrived in. After drawing the hoods over their hair, they looked a little like snowmen. This has resulted in some inconvenience for Mumbai’s middle and upper classes—one local company had to suspend sales of dishwashers because of an overwhelming volume of orders. “It will be part of our continuous process from now on.”. Contactless entry.”. ▲ Health worker Sunanda Bhoyar in Dharavi. The idea is to send them house to house, day after day, in continuous sweeps of every part of the slum, and to keep doing it until the end of the pandemic. At the very least, people had to come out to use the toilet, to fill water bottles from public taps, and to collect food packets donated by charities. The problem with Dharavi tourism Slum tours, also called reality tours, adventure tours, artisanal tours, and poverty tours and are advertised under the “niche travel” sections of several tourism portals. Due to the exponential growth of Mumbai, the informal settlements at Dharavi shall be cleared and transformed into modern business and housing districts. Rather than waiting for infected people to announce themselves, the government began dispatching teams of health-care workers to find them, going door to door asking about symptoms, offering free fever screenings, and administering tests to those likeliest to have the virus. Their apartment buildings had banned entry to outside help, out of fear that cleaners and cooks would bring the virus with them. Led by an energetic municipal manager named Kiran Dighavkar, who was also in charge of the slum’s Covid-19 response, people in Dharavi are now trying to restart their economic lives without seeding new outbreaks. The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air pollution, it also has no sewage or drainage systems. In early April, a 56-year-old resident tested positive after he’d already died. The Dharavi slum is spread over 2.4 sqkm, has 850,000 residents and a population density of 354,167 per square kilometre, making it one of the more cramped spaces in … His department has assembled an army of almost 6,000 health workers and volunteers, mainly from Dharavi itself, who’ve been given thermometers, pulse oximeters, and basic training in how to spot Covid-19. In a pristine marble hallway, a multilingual sign asks visitors to apply some hand sanitizer from a dispenser on the wall. Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with cases a day of diphtheria and typhoid. The slum is not only a manifestation of mismanaged urban planning in the countries of the South. Whether in Nairobi’s Kibera or Rio de Janeiro’s hilltop favelas, slum economies are inextricably linked to the cities around them. With a population density of over 277,136/km2, Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Anywhere between 20 and 50 families have to share one community toilet and one water tap. Before efforts to contain the novel coronavirus idled much of the Indian economy, the 350-square-foot concrete room was a hive of nonstop industry. Whole streets were sealed off behind checkpoints, with officers on patrol and camera-equipped drones buzzing overhead. Dharavi contained Covid-19 against all the odds. km) and, now, also a containment zone. LEDC case study — Mumbai. A bus going to the wrong facility was a harmless mix-up, but letting seven potentially healthy people interact with infectious Covid-19 patients would have been a disaster. Past the double doors the group entered a spacious holding area monitored by a thermal camera on a tripod. He and his three brothers had four rooms, he said—plenty of space to isolate at home. “I have to earn a living,” he said. All added their own living quarters, building with whatever materials they could find, giving little notice to the fact they were, technically, squatting on government-owned land. By various estimates, 8.5 lakh to a million people live in Dharavi, rendering the slum’s incidence of Covid cases per million nearly 13 times the per million rate for the country. He’d been spending his days sitting on a plastic chair, drinking cup after cup of milk tea and chatting with other Dharavi entrepreneurs, all of them part of Mumbai’s fearsomely efficient but completely informal recycling industry, who stopped by to talk business. Just behind, in a sealed-off observation booth, Dr. Asad Khan issued instructions through a microphone while observing the camera feed on a monitor. Dharavi is the largest slum located in the heart of Mumbai (Gamesby, n.d.). are very common in slum areas. By then, many of its tents and huts had been replaced by structures of brick, concrete, and tile, arrayed around communal wells and powered by electricity from the municipal grid—even though almost no residents had formal land title. ▲ Bhoyar prepares to visit Dharavi residents. By the 1930s it was attracting other migrants: potters from Gujarat, crafters of gold and silver embroidery from north India, and leather workers from the Tamil-speaking south, among many others. The future of Dharavi’s manufacturing sector may look like International Footsteps, a factory that makes sandals for Western mall brands such as Aldo. Dharavi Girls have created Mobile Apps. Because Dharavi is so condensed, it has grown into its own ecosystem. Before efforts to contain the novel coronavirus idled much of the Indian economy, the 350-square-foot concrete room was a hive of nonstop industry. There were far too many of them to evict, or ignore, and in the 1970s, vote-seeking politicians began to make small improvements, such as public latrines. The thermal camera and Khan’s questioning had prevented that outcome—evidence, to Dighavkar, that the system was working. Those problems exist because those people aren't living on their own property and because it is a poor piece of land, so the government is trying to kick them out so that they can start a new project, this cause many problems and issues to the people such as poverty and hunger. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. An Introduction to the Slums. Spread over an area of 2.4 square kilometres, Dharavi is home to around 8.5 lakh people. He was conscious, though, that a system sufficient to contain the virus with the economy halted could be severely tested by the resumption of more activity. By Ari Altstedter and Dhwani Pandya Many had little choice but to go home, a journey that had to be made on foot, because the government had suspended train and bus services to contain infections. Download the PowerPoint resource The irony is that Dharavi, which has a population of about 1 million and is probably the most densely packed human settlement on Earth, has largely contained the coronavirus. This prompted Khan to query the new arrivals on why they’d been brought to his tent. As of 2012, 863 million people called a slum their home. It’s a substantial commitment of resources, but the human and economic toll of a renewed outbreak would be far larger. There were only about 2,000 confirmed infections in India at the time, mostly traceable to international travel, and the news seemed to indicate a serious problem. So the family is in limbo, waiting both for the economy to pick up and for the stigma attached to slum dwellers to fade. Dharavi is located between Mumbai's 2 main suburban rail lines, most people find it useful for work, it is located 12km south-east of Juhu. The problem, for International Footsteps as well as other businesses in Dharavi, is that “everyone” isn’t who it used to be. That’s not enough to pay for the cost of traveling to their home village in South India, where they could live rent-free, nor to cover school tuition for the girls. She told the young man who answered the door that everyone who lived in the house needed to go to a quarantine center for observation and testing. Dharavi, often considered Asia's biggest slum with an estimated 1 million residents, has reported 71 cases and experts fear the number could climb quickly. This project deals with informal settlements in Dharavi north of Mumbai, the biggest slum in Asia covering an area of approximately 220ha and housing some 600,000 inhabitants. Authorities have knocked on 47,500 d By July some parts of Dharavi were coming slowly back to life. “This is our own invention,” he said of the camera-and-interview process. As Bhoyar spoke, a city sanitation worker stepped forward to spray the house with disinfectant. In simple words we could see that slums are treated as areas of extreme policy neglect over time to time whereas if we look more into the policy implications on slums especially that of Dharavi we could see that in the year 2009 the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) scheme to make India ‘slum-free’ within 5 years was announced and later the period is extended to 7 years. “This is our own invention. The visible precautions in the factory made him feel safer, Ahmed said as he attached a finely worked leather strap to the top of a new sandal, his wiry beard peeking out from under his mask. ▲ Khwaja Qureshi is waiting for his employees to return. Suraj Ahmed was one of the few who’d come back—in his case from a small village in Uttar Pradesh. Some were reluctant to cooperate. Dharavi, Asia's largest slum is a home to nearly 700,000 to 1 million people, with an inordinate population density of 277,136 per square km. With redevelopment plans in flux, Dighavkar’s superiors had little enthusiasm for putting significant money into Dharavi. It’s a small 2-6 person group tour that costs just INR 460 (about USD 6.50). The people have not planned this settlement and have no legal rights to the land. What worried Dighavkar was the prospect of reopening factories—cramped, poorly ventilated places where laborers spend hours on end, elbow-to-elbow. But even the most fatalistic virologists credit Dighavkar’s model with keeping mortality low, with some help from a youthful population. To meet the burgeoning healthcare needs of its growing number of settlers, there has been a rise in the number of unregistered and informal private health care providers within the slum (Anant & Bergvist, 2016). Next to the open sewers are water pipes, which can crack and take in sewage. Regardless of their official status, “we are here to take care of them,” Dighavkar said. Photographs and Video by Zishaan A Latif. But successive consultations, proposals, tenders, and visioning exercises failed to settle on any plan. Made up of seven islands on the west coast of India since merged … Dharavi Slum Tour. But, the negative impacts that result from slums are alarming. In some countries their inhabitants account for 90% of the informal urban workforce—an army of construction laborers, small-time vendors, assembly-line helpers, and restaurant servers that developing world metropolises rely on to function. The problem, for International Footsteps as well as other businesses in Dharavi, is that “everyone” isn’t who it used to be. “Now we have to live with this disease,” Dighavkar said in an interview at a temporary hospital, one of several he’d established to handle Covid-19 cases. The slum was founded in 1882 during the British colonial era. A few minutes later they climbed back into their vehicle and were driven away. On a muggy summer day, seven anxious-looking people, all wearing masks, stepped off a minibus and into a large vinyl tent that had taken over a parking lot on Dharavi’s outskirts. Dharavi slum is based around this water pipe built on an old rubbish tip. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000. There are also toxic wastes in the slum including hugely dangerous heavy metals. By July the number of new cases had declined to an average of 10 a day, compared with 45 per day in May, although the figure has since ticked modestly upward. 6 Negative Impacts of Slums Slums are heavily populated urban areas characterized by substandard housing, inadequate access to clean water and sanitation, and a constantly changing residential population. Antibody surveys over the summer found that almost 60% of the population in certain Mumbai slums had coronavirus antibodies, indicating that a degree of herd immunity could be at work. As the Raj gave way to independent India and Mumbai’s population swelled, the teeming slum eventually found itself not on the city’s fringe but near its geographic center. Deadly diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, etc. This kind of tedious work has none of the technological glitz of an innovative treatment or the silver-bullet promise of an effective vaccine. 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